n=100
plot "exp.dat" using 1:(1/n) smooth cumulative

n=100
set size square
set key bottom right
set xlabel "p-value"
set ylabel "cumulative distribution"
plot "p-value.txt" using 1:(1/n) smooth cumul title "simulation", x w l lw 2 title "uniform"

plot sin(x) with lines dt (10,5)

plot sin(x) with lines dt (10, 10, 3, 10)

file = "hoge.txt"
time = system("head -1 " . file)
set title sprintf("%2.2f hrs", time / 3600)

図の凡例にデータファイルから読み込んだデータを入れたいときには, title column (line number)とすればいい。(参考URL)
p "filename" u ($0):2:xtic(1) title column(2) w p

load 'hoge.pal'

# line styles for ColorBrewer BrBG
# for use with divering data
# provides 8 colors with brown low, white middle, and blue-green high
# compatible with gnuplot >=4.2
# author: Anna Schneider

# line styles
set style line 1 lt 1 lc rgb '#8C510A' # dark brown
set style line 2 lt 1 lc rgb '#BF812D' # medium brown
set style line 3 lt 1 lc rgb '#DFC27D' #
set style line 4 lt 1 lc rgb '#F6E8C3' # pale brown
set style line 5 lt 1 lc rgb '#C7EAE5' # pale blue-green
set style line 6 lt 1 lc rgb '#80CDC1' #
set style line 7 lt 1 lc rgb '#35978F' # medium blue-green
set style line 8 lt 1 lc rgb '#01665E' # dark blue-green

# palette
set palette defined ( 0 '#8C510A',\
1 '#BF812D',\
2 '#DFC27D',\
3 '#F6E8C3',\
4 '#C7EAE5',\
5 '#80CDC1',\
6 '#35978F',\
7 '#01665E' )

title(i, j)=sprintf("i=%d, j=%d", i, j)
set xrange [0:pi]
plot for [i=1:3] for [j=1:3] sin(i*j*x) title title(i, j)

len=1.5
set xrange [-len:len]
set yrange [-len:len]
set zrange [-len:len]
f(x,y)= (x**2+y**2-1)**3-x**2*y**3

set contour base
set cntrparam levels discrete 0.0
unset surface

set isosample 400, 400

set table 'curve.txt'
splot f(x, y)

unset table

set term png
set output "hoge.png"

#plot [-len:len][-1.0:len] "curve.txt" with filledcurve lc rgb 'pink' title "heart shape"
plot [-len:len][-1.0:len] "curve.txt" with line lw 4 lc rgb 'pink' title "heart shape"

f(x)=1/x
set samples 11
plot [0:10][0:1] f(x) w lp lw 2 pt 6 ps 3
set term png
set output "hoge.png"
rep

set key left top

set key Left

set key Left reverse

f(x)=a*exp(-(x-b)*(x-b)/2.0/c/c); a=10000; b=0.001; c=1
fit f(x) "hist.txt" u 1:3 via a, b, c

plot [:][0.001:] f(x), "hist.txt" u 1:3

save variables "test.var"

#
#
# G N U P L O T
# Version 5.0 patchlevel 3 last modified 2016-02-21
#
# Copyright (C) 1986-1993, 1998, 2004, 2007-2016
# Thomas Williams, Colin Kelley and many others
#
# gnuplot home: http://www.gnuplot.info
# faq, bugs, etc: type "help FAQ"
# immediate help: type "help" (plot window: hit 'h')
GNUTERM = "qt"
a = 23470.5784871032
b = -0.788993648242623
c = 17.8279442010367
GPFUN_f = "f(x)=a*exp(-(x-b)*(x-b)/2.0/c/c)"
x = 0.0
FIT_CONVERGED = 1
FIT_NDF = 97
FIT_STDFIT = 74.9163111531704
FIT_WSSR = 544408.006649469
FIT_P = 0.0
FIT_NITER = 6
a_err = 20.6412240133938
b_err = 0.0181088448166268
c_err = 0.0181088509499784
# EOF

var_a=`grep "^a =" test.var | awk '{print $3}'`
var_b=`grep "^b =" test.var | awk '{print $3}'`
var_c=`grep "^c =" test.var | awk '{print $3}'`

load "test.var"

gnuplot> help gamma
The `gamma(x)` function returns the gamma function of the real part of its
argument. For integer n, gamma(n+1) = n!. If the argument is a complex
value, the imaginary component is ignored.

gnuplot> help igamma
The `igamma(a,x)` function returns the normalized incomplete gamma
function of the real parts of its arguments, where a > 0 and x >= 0.
The standard notation is P(a,x), e.g. Abramowitz and Stegun (6.5.1),
with limiting value of 1 as x approaches infinity. If the arguments
are complex, the imaginary components are ignored.

extra characters at the end of N command

#!/bin/sh

# data : http://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/50m-raster-data/

if [ $# -ne 2 ]; then
echo "usage : `basename $0` [resolution] [inputfile]"
exit
fi

RES="$1"
IN="$2"
SCALED="${IN%.tif}_${RES}px.tif"
OUT="${SCALED%.tif}.txt"

# resize tiff image to desired resolution
convert "$IN" -resize $RES "$SCALED"

# convert to txt file
convert "$SCALED" "$OUT"

# remove unneeded header
sed -i '.bak' '1d' "$OUT"

# replace ": (" with ","
sed -i '.bak' 's/: (/\,/' "$OUT"


# remove all unneeded entries at end of line
sed -i '.bak' 's/).*$//' "$OUT"


# convert longitude and latitude to the right values
# 0..RES => -180..180
# 0..RES/2 => -90..89
awk -F, -v res=${RES} '{$1=$1*360/res-180; $2=-1*($2*360/res-90); }1' OFS=, "$OUT" > tmp.txt
awk -F, '{print $1, $2, $3/257, $4/257, $5/257}' OFS=, tmp.txt > tmp2.txt
mv tmp2.txt ${OUT}
rm tmp.txt


# add blank lines for pm3d
awk -v n=${RES} '{print $0} NR>2 && 0==NR % n{printf "\n"}' ${OUT} > tmp.txt
mv tmp.txt ${OUT}

# add new header
awk 'BEGIN{print "# long, lat, r, g, b"} {print $0}' ${OUT} > tmp.txt
mv tmp.txt ${OUT}

rm *.bak

eps = 0.001

set style arrow 1 head filled size screen 0.03, 15, 45 lt -1
cut(x,x1,x3) = ((x >= x1 && x <= x1 + (1.0-eps)*(x3-x1)) ? 1.0 : 1/0)
f(x) = 0.5+(x-1)*(x-1.2)*(x-1.4)

x1 = 0.5
x3 = 1.95
new_x = x1 + (1.0-eps)*(x3-x1)
set arrow from new_x, f(new_x) to x3,f(x3) as 1
plot [0:3] sin(x) with point ps 1 pt 6, f(x)*cut(x,x1,new_x) with line lt -1

gsl-randist 0 1000 rayleigh 10 | gsl-histogram 0 50 30 > hoge.txt

plot [:][0.1:] "hoge.txt" u 1:3 w steps lw 3 lc 2

set log y
plot [:][0.1:] "hoge.txt" u 1:3 w steps lw 3 lc 2

set log y
plot [:][0.1:] "hoge.txt" u 1:($3 == 0 ? 0.001 : $3) w steps lw 3 lc 2

plot "hoge.txt" every n

plot "hoge.txt" every n u 1:3 w lp

% seq 1 20 > hoge.txt
% awk '{x=rand*10; print $1, x, sqrt(x)}' hoge.txt > foo.txt

% cat foo.txt
1 8.40188 2.8986
2 3.94383 1.98591
3 7.83099 2.79839
4 7.9844 2.82567
5 9.11647 3.01935
6 1.97551 1.40553
7 3.35223 1.83091
8 7.6823 2.7717
9 2.77775 1.66666
10 5.5397 2.35366
11 4.77397 2.18494
12 6.28871 2.50773
13 3.64784 1.90993
14 5.13401 2.26584
15 9.5223 3.08582
16 9.16195 3.02687
17 6.35712 2.52133
18 7.17297 2.67824
19 1.41603 1.18997
20 6.06969 2.46367

plot "foo.txt" u 1:2:3 w e

plot "foo.txt" u 1:2:(sqrt($2)) w e

plot "foo.txt" u 1:2:3 w e, "" u 1:2 w l lw 2

plot "foo.txt" u 1:2:($2/10.0):($2/10.0) w xye lc 7

plot for [i=0:40] "hoge.txt" index i

plot for [i=0:40] "hoge.txt" index i title "No.".i

xkcd()

set term png font 'Humor Sans'
set output "hoge.png"

# Some line types
set style line 10 lt 1 lc rgbcolor "#ffffff" lw 15 #thick white
set style line 11 lt 1 lc rgbcolor "#000000" lw 4 #black

set style line 1 lt 1 lc rgbcolor "#ff0000" lw 4 #red
set style line 2 lt 1 lc rgbcolor "#0000ff" lw 4 #blue

# No border with tics
set border 0

set noxtics
set noytics

# Show the axis
set xzeroaxis ls 11
set yzeroaxis ls 11

#Arrow end to the axis
set arrow from graph 0.95, first 0 to graph 1, first 0 size 2,3 front
set arrow from first 0, graph 0.95 to first 0, graph 1 size 2,3 front

set yrange [-1.1:1.1]
set xrange [-1:15]

set key bottom

set label 'Wasted time' at 11,0.7 right
set arrow from 11.1,0.7 to 12,((12/15.0)**2) ls 11


set title 'Check this out! XKCD in Gnuplot'

#Jiggling functions
range = 2.0 #Range for the absolute jiggle
jigglea(x) = x+range*(2*(rand(0)-0.5)*0.005) #Absolute (as a fraction of the range)
jiggle(x) = x*(1+(2*rand(0)-0.5)*0.015) #Relative +-1.5% (as a fraction of the y value)

dpsin(x) = sin(x) * exp(-0.1 * (x - 5) ** 2)
dpcos(x) = - cos(x) * exp(-0.1 * (x - 5) ** 2)

plot jiggle(dpsin(x)) ls 10 t '', \
jiggle(dpsin(x)) ls 1 t 'Damped Sin',\
jiggle(dpcos(x)) ls 10 t '', \
jiggle(dpcos(x)) ls 2 t 'Damped Cos',\
jigglea((x/15)**2) ls 10 t '',\
jigglea((x/15)**2) ls 11 t ''

set term postscript enhanced color linewidth 2 fontscale 2
set title '{/Symbol @\326\140}@x{/Symbol \140}@+{/Symbol \140}3'
set ylabel '{/Symbol @\326\140}@x{/Symbol \140}@+{/Symbol \140}3'
set xlabel 'a~{x}{.8\~}'
set output "foo.eps"
plot sin(x)

set xlabel "{/Symbol @\326}"

set term postscript enhanced color

set xlabel "hoge^2" noenhanced

set xlabel 'a~{x}{0.7\~}'

Usage: gsl-histogram xmin xmax [n]
Computes a histogram of the data on stdin using n bins from xmin to xmax.
If n is unspecified then bins of integer width are used.

gsl-histogram 0 100 50

awk '{print $3}' | gsl-histogram 0 100 50

# データ作り
%gsl-randist 0 10 rayleigh 2 > hoge.txt

# データの中身はこれ
% cat hoge.txt
0.0454563
3.81005
3.17951
0.65875
3.42053
2.40609
0.589601
1.53702
2.2201
1.55221

# この行でヒストグラムを取っている、0~5を5ビンで分ける
% awk '{print $1}' hoge.txt | gsl-histogram 0 5 5 > hist.txt

# ヒストグラムの中身、1列目がビンの左端の点、2列目がビンの右端の点、3列目がそのビンに入っているサンプル数
# echo 1 | gsl-histogram 0 2 2 とかで確認できる
% cat hist.txt
0 1 3
1 2 2
2 3 2
3 4 3
4 5 0

# with boxesで描いてみる
# with boxesは省略不能
plot [-1:5][0:4] "hist.txt" u 1:3 with boxes

# with stepsで描いてみる
# with stと省略可能
plot [-1:5][0:4] "hist.txt" u 1:3 with st

plot [0:5][0:4] "hist.txt" u ($1+0.5):3 with boxes fs solid 0.25 lc 6 lw 3

plot [0:5][0:4] "hist.txt" u ($1+0.5):3 with boxes fill pattern 4 lc 6

set term pnt
set output "hoge.png"
test

plot [-1:5][0:4] "hist.txt" u 1:3 with fillsteps fs solid 0.25 noborder ls 7, "" u 1:3 with steps ls 7 lw 3

plot [-1:5][0:4] "hist.txt" u 1:3 with fillsteps fs solid 0.25 noborder ls 7, "" u 1:3 with histeps ls 7 lw 3

set style fill transparent solid 0.15
set term png
set output "hoge.png"
plot [0:20]"hist_2.txt" u ($1+0.5):3 with boxes fs lc 7 lw 3 title "rayleigh 2", "hist_5.txt" u ($1+0.5):3 with boxes fs lc 6 lw 3 title "rayleigh 5"

set key off
set xlabel ""
set ylabel ""
unset ytics
unset xtics
set nomy2tics
set nomx2tics
unset border
unset grid
plot [:][-1:1]1/0

data2=hoge.txt
data3=foo.txt
gsl-randist $seed $nsample rayleigh 1 > $data2
gsl-randist $seed $nsample chisq 5 > $data3

hist2=hist_2.txt
ave_2=`awk '{sum+=$1}END{print sum/NR}' ${data2} | cut -c1-4`
max_2=`awk 'NR==1 {max=$1} {if($1 > max) max = $1} END {print max}' ${data2}`
cat ${data2} | gsl-histogram $xmin ${max_2} $nbin > ${hist2}
echo "$ave_2"

hist3=hist_3.txt
ave_3=`awk '{sum+=$1}END{print sum/NR}' ${data3} | cut -c1-4`
max_3=`awk 'NR==1 {max=$1} {if($1 > max) max = $1} END {print max}' ${data3}`
cat ${data3} | gsl-histogram $xmin ${max_3} $nbin > ${hist3}
echo "$ave_3"

data0=paste.txt
paste $data2 $data3 > $data0

#!/bin/sh

xmin=0
xmax=10
nbin=40
nsample=10000
seed=0

data2=hoge.txt
data3=foo.txt
gsl-randist $seed $nsample rayleigh 1 > $data2
gsl-randist $seed $nsample chisq 5 > $data3

hist2=hist_2.txt
ave_2=`awk '{sum+=$1}END{print sum/NR}' ${data2} | cut -c1-4`
max_2=`awk 'NR==1 {max=$1} {if($1 > max) max = $1} END {print max}' ${data2}`
cat ${data2} | gsl-histogram $xmin ${max_2} $nbin > ${hist2}
echo "$ave_2"

hist3=hist_3.txt
ave_3=`awk '{sum+=$1}END{print sum/NR}' ${data3} | cut -c1-4`
max_3=`awk 'NR==1 {max=$1} {if($1 > max) max = $1} END {print max}' ${data3}`
cat ${data3} | gsl-histogram $xmin ${max_3} $nbin > ${hist3}
echo "$ave_3"

data0=paste.txt
paste $data2 $data3 > $data0

gnuplot <<EOF
set term png size 720, 720 fontscale 1.2 linewidth 1.5
set output "hoge.png"

set tmargin 0
set multiplot layout 2,2

set size square

set lmargin 6
set rmargin 4
set tmargin 0
set bmargin 2

## (1, 1)
set xlabel "rayleigh dist"
plot [${xmin}:${max_2}] "$hist2" u 1:3 w step lw 2 lc 1 title "mean=${ave_2}"

## (1, 2)
set key off
set xlabel ""
set ylabel ""
unset ytics
unset xtics
set nomy2tics
set nomx2tics
unset border
unset grid
plot [:][-1:1]1/0


## (2, 1)
set xtics rotate by -60
set key on
set ytics
set xtics mirror
set border
set grid
set bmargin 4
set xlabel "rayleigh dist"
set ylabel "chi^2 dist"

plot [${xmin}:${max_2}][${xmin}:${max_3}] "$data0" u 1:2 w d lc 0 notitle

## (2, 2)
set xlabel ""
set ylabel "chi^2 dist"
plot [:] [${xmin}:${max_3}] "$hist3" u 3:1 w step lw 2 lc 3 title "mean=$ave_3"


unset multiplot
EOF

rm ./*.txt